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[18], An example of SunniShia cooperation was the Khilafat Movement which swept South Asia following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the seat of the Caliphate, in World War I. Shia scholars "came to the caliphate's defence" by attending the 1931 Caliphate Conference in Jerusalem, although they were theologically opposed to the idea that non-imams could be caliphs or successors to Muhammad, and that the caliphate was "the flagship institution" of Sunni, not Shia, authority. [108], Olivier Roy, research director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, sees the "Shia awakening and its instrumentalisation by Iran" as leading to a "very violent Sunni reaction", starting first in Pakistan before spreading to "the rest of the Muslim world, without necessarily being as violent." (2004), "Mahdi", Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world, Thompson Gale, p.421, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAtlas_of_the_Middle_East_(Second_ed. [226] According to a former U.S. State Department specialist on Nigeria, Matthew Page, the Islamic Movement receives "about $10,000 a month" in Iranian funding. Among the explanations for the increase are conspiracies by outside forces to divide Muslims,[93][94] the recent Islamic revival and increased religious purity and consequent takfir,[95][96] upheaval, destruction and loss of power of Sunni caused by the US invasion of Iraq, and sectarianism generated by Arab regimes defending themselves against the mass uprisings of the Arab Spring. In March 2005 Salt, al-Banna's home town, saw a three-day wake for al-Banna who Jordanian newspapers and celebrants proclaimed a martyr to Islam, which by definition made the Shia victims "infidels whose murder was justified." ShiaSunni conflict in Yemen involves the Shia insurgency in northern Yemen.[17]. Recent tensions in the Middle East and Asia have been interpreted in some sections of the media as religious conflict between Sunnis and Shias. [203] According to the CIA World Factbook, Al Wefaq the largest Shia political society, won the largest number of seats in the elected chamber of the legislature. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims are mainly expressed through different religious practices. In the 1980s, Ibrahim El-Zakzakya Nigerian admirer of the Iranian Revolution who lived in Iran for some years and converted to Shia Islamestablished the Islamic Movement of Nigeria. The concept of Shi'ism further crystallized around events at the Battle of Karbala, where Husayn ibn Ali, the son of Ali and grandson of the prophet, was killed alongside many of his supporters. Muslim Mamas 2022 Copyrighted to Muslim Mamas. Nafeez Ahmed cites a 2008 RAND Corporation study for the American military which recommended "divide and rule" as a possible strategy against the Muslim world in "the Long War." Second through the pupils of Sabzevar, and especially those of Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, who were from Rey and Sabzawar and resided in those cities. [241], In Europe Shia-Sunni acrimony is part of life for tens of millions of European Muslims. Among those blaming the US invasion of Iraq are Fawaz Gerges, who writes in his book ISIS: A History, By destroying state institutions and establishing a sectarian-based political system, the 2003 US-led invasion polarized the country along Sunni-Shia lines and set the stage for a fierce, prolonged struggle driven by identity politics. Council Property For Sale In Leicester Highfields, Part Time Jobs In Nyc For College Students, Why Did My Activision Name Change To User, How To Circle Something In Adobe Acrobat Pro, Articles J

In this issue, we will talk about some important skills needed for office par...